Afforestation and plantation forestry plantation forestry for the 21st century peter j kanowski 1 summary plantation forests now comprise around 5 million ha globally, with annual plantation afforestation and reforestation rates nearing 10% of total area. Reafforestation definition of reafforestation by the free. These activities as part of a formal emissions reduction program have large upfront costs and onerous permanence obligations, and cessation of income from carbon offsets once carbon equilibrium is reached. Afforestation and reforestation ar cdm projects green. According to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc these terms are defined as direct human induced conservation of non forested lands back to forested lands with the help. The sicilian case study in the mesomediterranean bioclimate, relative soc stock increase with cul tivation abandonment, i. Reforestation is the process of replanting trees in order to maintain healthy forests for generations to come. The objective project climate resilient participatory afforestation and reforestation project is to improve the resilience of selected communities in the coastal and hilly areas of bangladesh. Reforestation can involve preparing a property to optimize for natural, organic growth.
Production levels at each forest service nursery and seed extractory and displays servicewide production trends at these facilities. Summary plantation forests now comprise around 5 million ha globally, with annual plantation afforestation and reforestation rates nearing 10% of total area. Valid from 23 nov 12 to 03 oct requests for registration can be submitted until 31 may 2014 23. Deforestation, selective logging and other human interventions. Replanting trees on open land is called reforestation.
Effects of reforestation, deforestation, and afforestation on carbon storage in. It is an initiative different countries are undertaking to maintain ecological balance. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by artificial efforts by planting or direct seeding. Afforestation is the reverse of deforestation and includes. Marsfm working paper 5 2007 forestry department food and agriculture organization of the united nations manual on deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation using remote sensing and gis prepared by giri tejaswi rome, march 2007 strengthening monitoring, assessment and reporting on sustainable forest management in asia gcpint988jpn. Common reforestation techniques include both natural and. As a result, afforestation and reforestation ar cdm projects are coming to generate forestry carbon credits. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Forest restoration and reforestation are ways to restore and or increase the functions of the forests. In cases where forest is heavily damaged, reforestation can be practised with either local or exotic species.
Afforestation and reforestation are the converse of avoiding deforestation. Afforestation and plantation forestry food and agriculture. That is a non disputable fact, but trees are so much more. Afforestation and reforestation seek to achieve the goal of new forest growth in slightly different ways. Sustainable forest management and, in particular, a robust reforestation policy, are vital to achieving this longterm. Reforestation includes the process of planting or otherwise regenerating and establishing a desired forest community on a given site. This can be achieved by ensuring that deforestation is kept to a minimum and afforestation only occurs on truly degraded land. View afforestation and deforestation ppts online, safely and virusfree. For the first commitment period 20082012, the kyoto protocol targets measures to mitigate climate change only within developed countries. Advantages and disadvantages of afforestation sciencing. Reforestation is the act of planting new trees where trees have recently been cut down or destroyed. Oplap proposed a large 20year afforestation program, from 2006 to 2025, and described a practical planting schedule. If trees are planted on areas that have been without forest for a long time the term afforestation is used.
Advantages and importance of reforestation earth eclipse. Deforestation is the removal of forests or stand of trees where the land is then converted into non forest use. Reforestation, afforestation and revegetation can sequester significant amounts of carbon per hectare. Reforestation and forest restoration natural resources. An important part of reforestation is the selection of an appropriate tree species or forest community to manage.
Oct 31, 20 afforestation vs reforestation afforestation and reforestation are the converse of avoiding deforestation. Over the last three decades, almost half of the earths original forest cover has been deforested, and only 20% of frontier forests remained by 1997 bryant et al. This is usually committed due to illegal logging and industrialization. How to create natural forest afforestation of urban areas with natural species and its importance duration. Although both are serving almost the same purpose still there is a slight difference between afforestation and reforestation as. There are countries that are committing deforestation. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change. Estimated that global forests remove around 3 billion tons of carbon per yearabout 30% of yearly emissions from fossil fuels. Planting stock grown from seeds and obtained from cuttings is used in afforestation. Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation and reforestation when we think about trees, the first thing that comes to our mind is that trees are lungs of our planet. On 11 december 1997 the kyoto protocol was adopted in kyoto, japan, and entered into force on 16 february 2005. Reforestation and afforestation carbon sequestration 101.
Reforestation refers to the replanting of trees on land that has previously had trees, but where these were cut down recently. Ecuador, haiti, nepal, north korea, indonesia, ghana, benin, philippines, nigeria and honduras. It has to be noted that both reforestation and afforestation can be advantageous when tackling global warming. The carbon sequestration potential from afforestation in ontario. The green belt movement was founded in 1977 by professor wangari maathai, and since then, it has been using reforestation as an entry point to tackle larger environmental and social issues poverty, inequality, food and water insecurity, land grabbing and ecosystem destruction. Planting forests upon barren land proffers hope in mitigating the negative effects of climate change, biodiversity loss, and natural resource depletion. Afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean. Reforestation deforestation afforestation sappi global. Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands forestation that have been depleted, usually through deforestation. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism 325 3 social and environmental impact under a laissez faire approach i argue in this section that fast growing industrial plantations are likely to dominate under a laissez faire approach and that their environmental and social implications are likely to be highly variable.
Afforestation definition of afforestation by merriamwebster. Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation and reforestation. Climate change mitigation through afforestation reforestation. Sustainable forestry can be viewed as the practice of a land stewardship ethic which integrates the reforestation, managing, growing, nurturing, and harvesting of trees for useful products with the conversation of soil, air, and water quality, wildlife and fish habitat, and aesthetics. Tropical reforestation and climate change columbia university.
Impacts of rewetting and reforestation on greenhouse gas. Reforestation is to replant an area that was previously forested. Deforestation is the process of permanent destruction of a forest a. Risk assessment of afforestation and reforestation processes.
Jul 25, 2008 however, if the current rate of afforestation and reforestation is assumed to continue, the carbon stock could increase from 8. If an afforestation or reforestation project is perceived as being an impediment to local livelihoods, it may create an incentive for illegal harvesting or clearing, also threatening the permanence of carbon sequestration. Pdf forest conservation, afforestation and reforestation in. Afforestation is the planting of trees or even seed sowing in unfavourable land to create forests. Summary this report examines new evidence published since the previous forest research report. Reforestation and afforestation share the same meaning i. Reforestation is planting trees again in areas where trees have been removed, afforestation is the process of planting trees and forests in areas that have so far not had trees. Elena vanguelova1, steve chapman2, mike perks 1, sirwan yamulki, tim randle 1, frank ashwood, james morison1. Poplars planted in the desert along the euphrates in iraq. Afforestation refers to the planting of trees on areas that were not covered with forests. The term afforestation is most often used in conjunction with discussions of carbon sequestration, which is the process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. For afforestationreforestation project activities, the gold standard recognises auditors that are. Occasionally forests have the capability to regenerate due to the trees in the surroundings or due to the dispersion of seeds.
Afforestation and restocking on peaty soils new evidence assessment. It is good practice to provide information on uncertainties in the estimates of the total area of the units of land subject to afforestation and reforestation as discussed in section 4. Asia have relied on the use of a small number of nonnative tree species, often planted as monocultures, with little participation by local communities. As the name suggests, the destruction of forests by cutting the trees is known as deforestation. Afforestation and plantation forestry plantation forestry for the 21st century. Afforestation and reforestation of lands except wetlands version 1 181 kb version number. Conversion of forest land into farms, ranches or urban use.
Reforestation refers to planting trees on land that was previously forest whereas afforestation refers to planting trees on patches of land which were not previously covered in forest. The selection of afforestation methods is determined by economic considerations and by soil and climatic conditions. Pdf afforestation, the conversion of croplands or marginal lands into forests, results in the sequestration of carbon. Ii afforestation and reforestation michael bredemeier, achim dohrenbusch encyclopedia of life support systems eolss forest generations at the same site, there will be an accumulation of carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients in the system. Climate change mitigation via afforestation, reforestation and deforestation avoidance and what about adaptation to environmental change. Afforestation definition is the act or process of establishing a forest especially on land not previously forested. Afforestation and restocking on peaty soils new evidence.
Our reforestation plans are designed to match your objectives with your sites capabilities. Afforestation, restoration and regeneration not all. This method helps to check how people use natural resources by offering an alternative source pool. In fact, in california, we grow many more trees than are harvested. Reforestation prepared by azam fariz nisa sheyreen 2. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and. Notable examples of reforestation and afforestation kenya. Forest areas with limited damage can be restored through enrichment plantings of gaps and lines. The difference between afforestation and reforestation although both are driving towards a similar if not the same goal, afforestation is not the same as reforestation.
Reforestation 3 introduction reforestation includes the process of planting or otherwise regenerating and establishing a desired forest community on a given site. Carbon farming and reforestation, afforestation and revegetation. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by. It is the effort to create a new forest in a previously unforested area or a part of land that was not under forest cover. The term should not be confused with reforestation, which is the process of specifically planting native trees into a forest that has decreasing numbers of trees. Both practices can contribute to negative emissions since the growth of additional plant sequesters atmospheric co 2 and naturally sink it in their biomass and in the soil. Risk assessment of afforestation and reforestation processes 198 each of the above reforestation processes is slightly different approach, but the main job process is similar. Reforestation on the other hand is repopulating an area which has lost its tree population. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees. Deforestation is usually planned and deliberate felling of trees and the land cleared is used for activities which are not related to the forest. Reforestation is the best method to reduce global warming and decrease the pollutant levels. However, forest lands that are badly degraded cannot be regenerated unless plants have been planted by.
Forests in the repu li of eria over 2,22,000 h, 2% of the ountrys are a. In doing so, the project helps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas entering the atmosphere, as carbon remains stored in the trees while they grow referred to as carbon stock. The links below lead to forest service reforestation and timber stand improvement information by fiscal year fy. Reforestation, afforestation and enrichment planting. The planting of trees can be divided into two categories. Reforestation methods reforestation projects reforestation. According to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, these terms are defined as direct human induced conservation of non forested lands back to forested lands with the help of activities such as planting, seeding, and human induced promotions of natural seed. Climate change mitigation via afforestation, reforestation and.
Afforestation article about afforestation by the free. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean development mechanism itto technical series 25 by timothy pearson, sarah walker and sandra brown the international tropical timber organization itto is an intergovernmental organization promoting the conservation and sustainable management. Second, forest area trends alone provide a poor measure of arr success and mitigation. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development.
Learning what is afforestation can help us understand how it can make up for the damage produced by deforestation. Impacts of rewetting and reforestation on greenhouse gas emissions and removals in sebangau national park, central kalimantan, indonesia, 20152018. Afforestation is the endeavour to forest an area which originally had no tree cover. Difference between afforestation and reforestation. The biocarbon project is funded jointly by krombacher and deutsche post and comprises the watersheds rasau, bakung and bangah. Causes, effects and control strategies sumit chakravarty 1, s. Laws affecting reforestation on usda forest service lands. What is the difference between afforestation and reforestation. This is not to be confused with afforestation, which also refers to the planting or replanting of trees, however it refers to the planting of trees in an area where trees have not recently been cut down. The availability of land for afforestation is limited by the. The distinction between afforestation and reforestation on time reference is questionable, and in some cases both actions are treated identically, e. Yes, it is similar to reforestation, but afforestation is the specificity of planting native seeds into a forest that has seen a declining trees count. Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid of any trees to create a forest. Reforestation is the restocking of existing forests and woodlands which have been depleted, an effect of deforestation.
Reforestation of degraded lands princeton university. Afforestation and reforestation afforestation is the process of starting a new forest in an area where none existed but soil and other requirements are present to support plantings. When we think about trees, the first thing that comes to our mind is that trees are lungs of our planet. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture. Afforestationreforestation ar requirements the gold standard. While reforestation is increasing the number of trees of an. Pdf small temperature benefits provided by realistic afforestation. Reforestation methods some common reforestation practices and some additional possibilities. Importance of reforestation with its advantages earth. Afforestation and reforestation project activities contribute to climate change mitigation by capturing biosequestering the atmospheric carbon and locking it into the living and dead biomass in the. Effects of reforestation, deforestation, and afforestation on. Predicting global forest reforestation potential biorxiv.
Reforestation projects, reforestation methods, reforestation techniques, revegetation techniques, ecological restoration techniques, landscape rehabilitation. The cdm was introduced to implement carbon reduction and sink projects under the kyoto protocol. Reforestation can be used to rectify or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of. Different methods of sowing, such as broadcasting and drill seeding, are used. Costshares can be used for establishment of forest. Afforestation vs reforestation the brain bank north west. Afforestation is the planting or adding of trees in an area where there was never a forest or plantation. While afforestation can restore previously forested areas and help to remove carbon dioxide, it can have detrimental effects on species diversity and agriculture profits. Obstacles and opportunities for afforestation and reforestation.
Introduction to deforestation, forestation, afforestation. I will explain in points to make everyone understand better there are few differences given here to satisfy your question how are deforestation and afforestation different. Razvoj kapa iteta privatnog sektora za odrzivo gazdovanje su ama u. Reforestation is the consequence of deforestation which according to the united nations food and agriculture organisation, is a complete clearance of trees. Most of the land areas are converted into commercial and residential buildings. Afforestation and reforestation encyclopedia of life.
Todays foresters plant five trees for every one that is harvested. This would be achieved by i increasing the size of afforested and reforested areas. Economic, environmental, social and cultural impacts of planned afforestation and reforestation programmes should be assessed, as appropriate, in accordance. Difference between afforestation and reforestation compare. Afforestation is the act of planting forests where no forest has existed before or where there hasnt been a forest in a long time. Afforestation represents the effort to plant trees in barren areas to develop a forest. Consequently, it offers opportunities for various reconstruction processes in comparative analyzes and determination of critical control points. Pdf europes forest management did not mitigate climate warming. Reforestation has about a 90 percent success rate due to careful selection and planning efforts. Pdf afforestation and forest management are considered to be key instruments in mitigating climate.
Sep 17, 2018 a reforestation and afforestation project involves planting forest trees in agricultural areas. Afforestation is the reestablishment of forests on lands that have not been forested for a longer period, or never was. Reforestation refers to the replanting of trees on areas that were once covered with forests. However, possible negative impacts must also be taken into account in order to protect the planet as a whole. As the system gets enriched in nutrients and structurally.